CHAPTER 3: Biomimetic Electrospun Composites: from Fundamental Insights to Commercialization

Materials and devices inspired by biological systems, such as plants, seashells and human bone, possess remarkable physical and chemical properties that are the result of the hierarchical organization of structures across multiple length scales, from nano- to macroscale. In recent years, electrospinning has emerged as an attractive nano-fabrication approach for the development of innovative biomimetic architectures. This chapter analyses recent advances and commercial applications of composite biomimetic fibers in the area of super-non-wetting surfaces, liquid/air filtration and tissue engineering, including fibers that are able to change their characteristics in response to external stimulation. It discusses how polymers with diverse functionalities have been blended together and/or combined with nanomaterials in order to tailor topography, surface and mechanical properties, biocompatibility and bioactivity of electrospun mats.