CHAPTER 5: Application Status of Post-combustion CO₂ Capture

Carbon dioxide (CO₂) is a major anthropogenic greenhouse gas. The atmospheric concentration of CO₂ has increased from 280 ppm, in the mid-1800s, to about 407 ppm in 2017. Due to the global warming and climate change effect there have been worldwide efforts to control CO₂ emission. Pre-combustion capture, post-combustion capture, oxy-fuel combustion, and chemical looping combustion are the technological options currently under consideration for capturing CO₂ from combustion and gasification facilities. Carbon capture and storage (CCS) has been accepted as a primary option to mitigate anthropogenic CO₂ emissions. There are few large-scale CCS facilities in operation at present: (i) Petra Nova Carbon Capture, Texas, USA; (ii) SaskPower Boundary Dam- CCS; (iii) Kemper County Energy Facility (IGCC + CCS); and (iv) Callide – Oxy-fuel combustion and carbon storage demonstration plant. Furthermore, there have been some emerging small-scale PCC projects, most of which use ammonia or proprietary amines as a solvent.