Optogenetics: Light-driven Actuators and Light-emitting Sensors in Cell Biology
CHAPTER 10: Building Light-inducible Receptor Tyrosine Kinases
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Published:18 Sep 2018
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Special Collection: 2018 ebook collection
Nury Kim, Hyerim Park, Doyeon Woo, Won Do Heo, 2018. "Building Light-inducible Receptor Tyrosine Kinases", Optogenetics: Light-driven Actuators and Light-emitting Sensors in Cell Biology, Sophie Vriz, Takeaki Ozawa
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Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) are members of a superfamily of surface receptors consisting of 20 subfamilies that transmit environmental signaling cues into cells.1 Binding of signaling cues (i.e. ligands) to RTKs usually results in dimerization and leads to the activation of signals through auto-phosphorylation and phosphorylation of downstream substrates. This dimerization-dependent activation led to the idea of synthetic regulation of RTKs using chemical dimerizers. However, recent developments in optogenetic actuators, especially light-responsive, homo-interacting proteins such as the PHR domain of cryptochrome 2 (CRY2) from Arabidopsis thaliana (PHR hereafter) and light-, oxygen- and voltage-sensing (LOV) domains, have established light as the inducer and the activator of signaling molecules.2