Chapter 3: Single-biomolecule Interface for Advanced Single Molecular Sensors

In this chapter, we introduce the biological membrane protein-based single-biomolecule interface for single molecule sensing, including DNA and protein detection, using synergic effects from steric volume exclusion and weak interactions between the nanopore and the analyte. More attentions will be focused on the state-of-art detection strategies for the measurement of a variety of biomolecules via nanopore electrochemistry by the selected experimental case studies, in particular for tracing short-lived metastable conformation and recognition of multiple targets for the promising clinical diagnosis. This chapter selects experimental cases in an α-hemolysin nanopore and an aerolysin nanopore to demonstrate the sensing ability of biological nanopores in detail.