Forensic Analytical Methods
CHAPTER 6: Electrochemical Devices For Forensic Chemical Sensing
-
Published:13 Aug 2019
-
Special Collection: 2019 ebook collection
Kelly Brown, Lynn Dennany, 2019. "Electrochemical Devices For Forensic Chemical Sensing", Forensic Analytical Methods, Thiago R L C Paixão, Wendell K T Coltro, Maiara Oliveira Salles
Download citation file:
The versatility of electrochemical sensing methods lends itself well to a wide range of applications across a diverse range of fields.1–4 Electrochemical sensors are particularly amenable for forensic analysis, the portability, sensitivity and minimal sample preparation required makes them ideally suited for crime scene and evidential analysis, particularly as a screening tool during the initial phases of an investigation.5 With their continued development leading to increases in specificity and their ability to facilitate direct detection within complex sample matrices including biological fluids without pre-treatment or extraction greatly expands their potential applications within the forensic environment. Flexibility in electrode material and surface functionalisation allows sensors to be easily fabricated for specific analyte detection, thereby improving specificities towards the target analyte but also allowing for versatility in their applications dependent on the surface modification. While the increased use of screen-printed electrodes (SPE) can offer a mechanism for reducing the risk of potential contamination as a result of their disposability, they can easily undergo surface modification for targeted detection. The incorporation of different species for surface modification has never been simpler or more attainable, with facilities allowing fabrication of electrodes in-house. Portable potentiostats (now widely available) in combination with disposable SPE and minimal sample preparation facilitates on-site and point-of-care analysis, a key goal for future forensic analysis. By enabling the rapid identification of substances, the police and forensic investigators are able to make informed decisive investigative decisions, while also minimising any potential for cross-contamination or evidence destruction during transportation between crime scenes and forensic laboratories where full characterisation and analysis is performed.