Turmeric, being one of the most important herbs, finds its use in food, medicine, cosmetics and cultural practices. The beneficial effects of turmeric are due to its components, sharing the major part by curcumin. The yield and quality of compounds from turmeric depend greatly on the genetic peculiarities of the species as well as the geographic and climatic conditions where it is cultivated. Many research efforts and studies have handled this part of cultivation to make a significant difference, as per the requirements. This chapter unveils the effects of climate, pH changes of soils, cultivation practices and genetic variations on the production of turmeric and delivers an overall outlook on the studies regarding these. An interesting fact identified while reading these studies is that any particular species of turmeric giving high yield and curcumin content in one agro-climatic region produces a different pattern of results in another geographic region. It happens even within a single country, while considering India as the case. Different studies suggest that a tropical region is the best for turmeric cultivation. This chapter emphasizes world trends and Indian patterns.