Nanoliposomes are one of the most promising soft nanomaterials for effective drug and gene delivery. Nanoliposomes can encapsulate a wide range of hydrophilic or hydrophobic bioactive molecules for biomedical applications. Nanoliposomes can control the release of encapsulated drugs, but they suffer from rapid clearance once injected into the body. One possible solution is to embed them in natural hydrogels to form bioengineered nanoliposomal scaffolds that can be used for drug delivery and tissue engineering. This chapter will discuss the drug delivery applications of nanoliposomes, especially in cancer and Alzheimer's disease, and the drug delivery and tissue engineering applications of nanoliposome–hydrogel composite scaffolds.