CHAPTER 6: 3D GBM-supported Transition Metal Oxide Nanocatalysts and Heteroatom-doped 3D Graphene Electrocatalysts for Potential Application in Fuel Cells

Owing to the advantages of the large specific surface area, high electron conductivity, more defects, active sites and enhanced mass transfer, cost-effective three-dimensional graphene-based macrostructures (3D GBMs) materials have been widely used in the construction of oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalysts for fuel cells and replace current Pt-based precious metal catalysts. This chapter summarizes the recent progress in 3D GBM catalysts designed and developed for fuel cell applications, which include the three-dimensional graphene (3D G), heteroatom-doped 3D G, 3D G supported transition metal macrocyclic compounds, 3D transition metal/N codoped graphene (3D M-Nx/G, M: Fe, Co, etc.) and 3D G supported transition metal oxide nanocatalysts.