Chapter 13: Electrochemical Measurements

As antioxidants are electron donors they are prime candidates for studying by electrochemical means. Using techniques such as cyclic voltammetry, the reducing strength of antioxidants can be established through the potential at which they are oxidized. The total antioxidants in biological and food or beverage samples are provided by the current generated over certain potential ranges, including a selective measure of the stronger reducing agents present. This chapter aims to introduce electrochemical techniques to a wider audience, as well as to highlight recent advances in areas such as novel electrode materials. The application of electrochemical measurement is outlined with respect to biological samples, foods and beverages such as teas and wines, and individual vitamins and polyphenols. The development of more selective biosensors is also introduced, along with an indication of how electrochemical methods can profile oxidants, such as reactive oxygen species, and the oxidants that are involved with in vitro antioxidant assays. This chapter offers insights that will help researchers apply electrochemical techniques in a wider range of contexts, including disposable electrodes that are simpler to use and can be considered for applications in industry.