Solar energy-driven catalytic applications have been investigated for decades. Photothermal catalysis combining photo- and thermal-catalytic effects to promote reactions has attracted significant attention. It not only enhances the reaction rate and controls product selectivity but also provides a possibility to let the reactions occur under relatively mild conditions. In this chapter, photothermal catalysis based on oxide materials is reviewed. The principle and development of semiconductor nanostructure-based photothermal catalysts are discussed, and the application of photothermal catalysis in various fields is also present.