Chapter 4: Large Intestine and Gut–Brain–Microbiota Interactions

The large intestine is crucial for the various functions of the digestive system, including colonic fermentation, biosynthesis of essential vitamins and metabolites, and managing fluid and electrolyte balance. It also aids in microbial colonization and fermentation through longer transit times, conducive pH, low cell turnover, and redox potential. The gut microbiome and its metabolites significantly impact other human systems, such as the nervous system, immune system, endocrine system, and organ systems. Gut dysbiosis has been linked to various diseases, including neurodegenerative disorders, mental health, inflammatory bowel disease, celiac disease, type II diabetes, food allergies, obesity, cardiovascular diseases, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, chronic constipation, and colorectal cancer. The impact of specific dietary patterns, food components, and therapeutic interventions on overall health and specific disease conditions are discussed in this chapter.