Abbreviations

Acceptable Daily Intake

Amplified fragment length polymorphism

Adherent invasive Escherichia coli

Agar Listeria according to Ottoviani and Agosti

Appropriate level of protection

Association of Official Agricultural Chemists International

Acute reference doses

Amnesic shellfish poisoning

Butylated hydroxyanisole

Butylated hydroxytoluene

Clostridium botulinum neurotoxin

Baird-Parker medium

British Retail Consortium

Bovine spongiform encephalopathy

Cyclic adenosine monophosphate

Christie, Atkins and Munch-Peterson test

Controlled atmosphere storage and packaging

Critical control point

Communicable Disease Surveillance Centre (Wales)

Colonization factors

Core genome multi-locus sequence typing

Creutzfeldt–Jacob disease

Cleaning-in-place

Confidence limits

Cyanoditolyl tetrazolium chloride

Check and Trace Salmonella

Clostridium perfringens alpha toxin

Clostridium perfringens enterotoxin

Diffusely adherent Escherichia coli

Disability-adjusted life year

Direct epifluorescent microscope technique

Department for Environment Food and Rural Affairs

Dark firm and dry

Detects infected animals not vaccinated

Deoxyribonucleic acid

Deoxynivalenol

Diarrhoeal shellfish poisoning

Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli

Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli heat-stable enterotoxin

European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control

Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid

Enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli

Enteroinvasive Escherichia coli

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay

Ethidium monoazide

Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli

Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli

Electromagnetic

Emden–Meyerhof–Parnas metabolic pathway

Equilibrium relative humidity

European Union

Food and Agriculture Organization

Fluorescein diacetate

Foodborne Disease Estimation Model

Free fatty acids

Food safety objective

European Food- and Waterborne Disease Network

Guillain–Barré syndrome

Global Food Safety Initiative

Good manufacturing practice

Generally recognised as safe

Gesammte Konzentration (German), sum of the concentration of ethanol and acetic acid

Hazard analysis critical control points

Haemolytic enterotoxin

High care area

Human enteric coronavirus

Hydrophobic grid membrane filter

Health Protection Agency

High pressure low volume

High temperature/short time

Haemolytic uraemic syndrome

Inositol/brilliant green/bile salts medium

International Commission on Microbiological Specifications for Foods

Infectious intestinal disease

Intermediate moisture food

Indole/methyl red/acetoin/citrate tests

2-(p-Iodophenyl)-3-(p-nitrophenyl)-5-phenyltetrazolium chloride

International Standards Organization

Internal transcribed spacer

Lactic acid bacteria

Livestock-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus

Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry

Locus of enterocyte effacement

Lipopolysaccharide

Low pressure/high volume

Heat-labile toxins

Low temperature holding

Matrix-associated laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry

Modified-atmosphere packaging

Microwave-assisted pasteurization system

Microwave-assisted sterilization system

Milk Marketing Board

Multi-locus sequence typing

Most probable number

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus

4-Methylumbelliferyl-β-d-glucuronide

Molecular weight

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, where NADH is the reduced form of NAD

National Centre for Biological Information

Next-generation sequencing

Non-haemolytic enterotoxin

Norovirus

Non-starter lactic acid bacteria

Neurotoxin shellfish poisoning

Operating characteristic

Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development

Oleandomycin/polymyxin/sulfadiazine/perfringens medium

Polymerase chain reaction

Pulsed electric fields

Polymyxin pyruvate egg-yolk mannitol–bromothymol blue agar

Phosphoenolpyruvate

Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis

Public Health England

Propidium iodide

Powdered infant formula

Propidium monoazide

Premature stop codons

Performance objective

Pyrroloquinolone quinone

Pale, soft and exudative

Paralytic shellfish poisoning

Phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent phosphotransferase system

Polyvinylidene chloride

Quantitative microbiological risk assessment

Quantitative/viable polymerase chain reaction

Qualified presumption of safety

Quaternary ammonium compounds

Rapid alert system for food and feed

Ribonucleic acid

Ribosomal ribonucleic acid

Ready-to-eat

Restriction fragment length polymorphism

Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction

Rappaport–Vassiliadis medium

Single-cell protein

Spongiform encephalopathy

Synaptosome-associated protein

Solids non-fat

Single nucleotide polymorphism

Superoxide dismutase

Small round structured viruses

Heat-stable toxins

Shiga toxin

Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli

Tuberculosis

Total bacterial count

Thiosulfate/citrate/bile salt/sucrose medium

Thermostable, extracellular haemolysin

Trimethylamine

Trimethylamine-N-oxide

Thermostable, extracellular haemolysin-related haemolysin

Tryptose/sulfite/cycloserine medium

Thrombocytopaenic purpura

Ultra high temperature

UK Food Standards Agency

United States Department of Agriculture

US Food and Drug Administration

Ultraviolet

New variant Creutzfeldt–Jacob disease

Voges–Proskauer test

Verocytotoxigenic (or verotoxin-producing) Escherichia coli

Whole-genome sequencing

Whole-genome multi-locus sequence typing

World Health Organization

Years of life with disability

Years of life lost