Table 3

Comparison of ecotoxicity, environmental fate and physical properties criteria among CAA methods

Method Ecotoxicity and environmental fate endpoint criteria
Acute aquatic toxicity Chronic aquatic toxicity Persistence: half‐life (d) Bioaccumulation Eutrophication Explosivity Flammability
DfE Alternatives Assessment Criteria12  Low: 

  • LC50/EC50 >100 mg L–1

 Moderate: 

  • LC50/EC50 10–100 mg L–1

 High: 

  • LC50/EC50 1–10 mg L–1

 Very High: 

  • LC50/EC50 <1 mg L–1

 		 Low: 

  • LOEC >10 mg L–1

 Moderate: 

  • LOEC 1–10 mg L–1

 High: 

  • LOEC 0.1–1 mg L–1

 Very High: 

  • LOEC <0.1 mg L–1

 		 Very High: 

  • Passes Ready Biodegradability test with 10 day windowb

 Low: 

  • Half‐life in water, soil or sediment <16 d OR passes Ready Biodegradability test not including the 10 day windowb

 Moderate: 

  • Half‐life in water, soil or sediment 16–60 d

 High: 

  • Half‐life in water, soil or sediment 60–180 d

 Very High: 

  • Half‐life in water, soil or sediment >180 d or recalcitrant

 		 Very Low: 

  • BCF/BAF <100

 Low: 

  • BCF/BAF 100–1000

 High: 

  • BCF/BAF 1000–100 000

 Very High: 

  • BCF/BAF >100 000

 		 Low: 

  • Total phosphorus in cleaning product limited to 0.5 wt%

  • Inorganic phosphate is not present

 		 N/A  N/A 
GreenScreen version 1.24  Low: 

  • LC50/EC50/IC50>100 mg L–1

 Moderate: 

  • LC50/EC50/IC50 1–100 mg L–1 or

  • GHS Category 2 or 3

 High: 

  • LC50/EC50/IC50 <1 mg L–1 or

  • GHS Category 1

 		 Low: 

  • NOEC >10 mg L–1

 Moderate: 

  • NOEC 0.1–10 mg L–1 or

  • GHS Category 2, 3 or 4

 High: 

  • NOEC <0.1 mg L–1 or

  • GHS Category 1

 		 Low: 

  • Half‐life in soil, sediment <30 d or

  • Half‐life in water <7 d or

  • Ready biodegradability

 Moderate: 

  • Half‐life in soil, sediment 30–60 d or

  • Half‐life in water 7–40 d

 High: 

  • Half‐life in soil, sediment >60–180 d or

  • Half‐life in water >40–60 d or

  • Potential for long‐range environmental transport

 Very High: 

  • Half‐life in soil or sediment>180 d or

  • Half‐life in water >60 d

 		 Low: 

  • BCF/BAF <500 or

  • Absent such data, log Kow <4

 Moderate: 

  • BCF/BAF 500 to 1000 or

  • Absent such data, log Kow >4–4.5 or

  • Suggestive evidence of bioaccumulation in humans or wildlife

 High: 

  • BCF/BAF >1000–5000 or

  • Absent such data, log Kow >4.5–5 or

  • Weight of evidence demonstrates bioaccumulation in humans or wildlife

 Very High: 

  • BCF/BAF >5000 or

  • Absent such data, log Kow >5

 		 N/A  Low: 

  • No basis for concern identified

 Moderate: 

  • GHS Category: Divisions 1.4, 1.5

 High: 

  • GHS Category: Unstable Explosives or Division 1.1, 1.2 or 1.3

 		 Low: 

  • No basis for concern identified

 Moderate: 

  • GHS Category 2 – Flammable Gases or

  • GHS Category 2 – Flammable Aerosols or

  • GHS Category 3 or 4 – Flammable Liquids

 High: 

  • GHS Category 1 – Flammable Gases or

  • GHS Category 1 – Flammable Aerosols or

  • GHS Category1 or 2 – Flammable Liquids

 
C2C version 3.019 (Includes only Ingredient Characterization Criteria)  Green: 

  • LC50 >100 mg/L (96 hr) (fish)

  • L(E)C50 >100 mg/L (48 hr) (daphnia)

  • L(E)C50 >100 mg/L (72/96 hr) (algae)

 Yellow: 

  • LC50=10–100 mg/L (96 hr) (fish)

  • L(E)C50=10–100 mg/L (48 hr) (daphnia)

  • L(E)C50=10–100 mg/L (72/96 hr) (algae)

 Red: 

  • LC50<10 mg/L (96 hr) (fish)

  • L(E)C50<10 mg/L (48 hr) (daphnia)

  • L(E)C50<10 mg/L (72/96 hr) (algae)

 		 Green: 

  • NOEC>10 mg/L

 Yellow: 

  • NOEC=1–10 mg/L

 Red: 

  • NOEC<1 mg/L

 		 Green: 

  • Half‐life in water, soil, sediment <30/90 days;

  • Readily biodegradable (based on OECD tests)

 Yellow: 

  • Half‐life in air, soil, sediment= 30/90–60/180 days;

  • Ultimately biodegradable

 Red: 

  • Half‐life in water, soil >60/180 days;

  • Not readily biodegradable

 		 Green: 

  • BCF<100

 Yellow: 

  • BCF=100–500

 Red: 

  • BCF>500

 		 N/A  N/A  N/A 
P2OASys20 (levels of concern are characterized as numerical hazard scores; the smaller the number, the less hazardous)  2.00: 

  • LC50 >1000 mg L–1 (aquatic)

  • EC50 >100 mg L–1 (plant)

 4.00: 

  • LC50 50–1000 mg L–1 (aquatic)

  • EC50 10–100 mg L–1 (plant)

 6.00: 

  • LC50 1–50 mg L–1 (aquatic)

  • EC50 1–10 mg L–1 (plant)

 8.00: 

  • LC50 0.1–1 mg L–1 (aquatic)

  • EC50 0.1–1 mg L–1 (plant)

 10.00: 

  • LC50 <0.1 mg L–1 (aquatic)

  • EC50 <0.1 mg L–1 (plant)

 		 2.00: 

  • NOAEC >0.2 mg L–1 (fish)

 4.00: 

  • NOAEC 0.02 mg L–1 (fish)

 6.00: 

  • NOAEC 0.002 mg L–1 (fish)

 8.00: 

  • NOAEC 0.0002 mg L–1 (fish)

 10.00: 

  • NOAEC <0.00002 mg L–1 (fish)

 		 2.00: 

  • L

  • BOD/hydrolysis half‐life 4 d

 4.00: 

  • L/M

  • BOD/hydrolysis half‐life 10 d

 6.00: 

  • M

  • BOD/hydrolysis half‐life 100 d

 8.00: 

  • M/H

  • BOD/hydrolysis half‐life 500 d

 10.00: 

  • H

  • BOD/hydrolysis half‐life >500 d

 		 2.00: 

  • BCF <10

  • Log Kow <1

 4.00: 

  • BCF 100

  • Log Kow 2

 6.00: 

  • BCF 200

  • Log Kow 4

 8.00: 

  • BCF 1000

  • Log Kow 6

 10.00: 

  • BCF >1000

  • Log Kow >6

 		 N/A  2.00: 

  • 0.0

 4.00: 

  • 1.0

 6.00: 

  • 2.0

 8.00: 

  • 3.0

 10.00: 

  • 4.0

 		 2.00: 

  • 0.0

 4.00: 

  • 1.0

 6.00: 

  • 2.0

 8.00: 

  • 3.0

 10.00: 

  • 4.0

 
SCRAMa21 (levels of concern are characterized as numerical hazard scores; the smaller the number, the less hazardous)  1.0: 

  • E/LC50 >1000 mg L–1 (aquatic animals)

  • E/LC50 >1000 mg L–1 (plant)

 2.0: 

  • E/LC50 100–1000 mg L–1 (aquatic animals)

  • E/LC50 100–1000 mg L–1 (plant)

 3.0: 

  • E/LC50 10–100 mg L–1 (aquatic animals)

  • E/LC50 10–100 mg L–1 (plant)

 4.0: 

  • E/LC50 1–10 mg L–1 (aquatic animals)

  • E/LC50 1–10 mg L–1 (plant)

 5.0: 

  • E/LC50 ≤1 mg L–1 (aquatic animals)

  • E/LC50 ≤1 mg L–1 (plant)

 		 1.0: 

  • NOEC >100 mg L–1 (fish/amph.)

  • NOEC >5000 mg L–1 (invertebrate)

  • NOEC >100 mg L–1 (plant)

 2.0: 

  • NOEC 10–100 mg L–1 (fish/amph.)

  • NOEC 1000–5000 mg L–1 (invertebrate)

  • NOEC 10–100 mg L–1 (plant)

 3.0: 

  • NOEC 1–10 mg L–1 (fish/amph.)

  • NOEC 100–1000 mg L–1 (invertebrate)

  • NOEC 1–10 mg L–1 (plant)

 4.0: 

  • NOEC 0.1–1 mg L–1 (fish/amph.)

  • NOEC 10–100 mg L–1 (invertebrate)

  • NOEC 0.1–1 mg L–1 (plant)

 5.0: 

  • NOEC ≤0.1 mg L–1 (fish/amph.)

  • NOEC ≤10 mg L–1 (invertebrate)

  • NOEC ≤0.1 mg L–1 (plant)

 		 1.0: 

  • Half‐life <4 d (biota, air, water, soil, sediment)

 2.0: 

  • Half‐life 4–20 d (biota, air, water, soil, sediment)

 3.0: 

  • Half‐life 20–50 d (biota, air, water, soil, sediment)

 4.0: 

  • Half‐life 50–100 d (biota, air, water, soil, sediment)

 5.0: 

  • Half‐life >100 d (biota, air, water, soil, sediment)

 		 1.0: 

  • BCF/BAF ≤100

 2.0: 

  • BCF/BAF 100–1000

 3.0: 

  • BCF/BAF 1000–10 000

 4.0: 

  • BCF/BAF 10 000–100 00

 5.0: 

  • BCF/BAF >100 000

 		 N/A  N/A  N/A 
CARS  Proprietary 
GreenList™  Proprietary 
PRIO (chemicals are divided into two categories: phase‐out and risk‐reduction substances)24  Risk‐reduction: 

  • E/LC50 <0.1 mg L–1

 		 Phase‐out: 

  • NOEC <0.01 mg L–1

 		 Phase‐out: 

  • Half‐life in seawater >60 d

  • Half‐life in freshwater >40 d

  • Half‐life in marine sediment >180 d

  • Half‐life in freshwater sediment >120d

  • Half‐life in soil >120 d

 Risk‐reduction: 

  • Substances that are not readily or inherently biodegradable

 		 Phase‐out: 

  • BCF >2000

 Risk‐reduction: 

  • Log Kow ≥4.5

 		 N/A  N/A  N/A 
Quick Scan25 (the lower the hazard number, the higher the hazard)  T4: 

  • LC50 >10 mg L–1

 T3: 

  • LC50 ≤10 mg L–1

 T2: 

  • LC50 ≤1 mg L–1

 T1: 

  • LC50 ≤0.1 mg L–1

 		 T4: 

  • NOEC >1 mg L–1

 T3: 

  • NOEC ≤1 mg L–1

 T2: 

  • NOEC ≤0.1 mg L–1

 T1: 

  • NOEC 0.01 mg L–1

 		 P4: 

  • Readily biodegradable

 P3: 

  • Inherently biodegradable; adaptive or incomplete

 P2: 

  • Inherently biodegradable; slow

 P1: 

  • Not inherently biodegradable; no fast abiotic degradation

 		 B4:

  • BCF <100

B3:

  • BCF ≥100

B2:

  • BCF ≥500

B1b:

  • BCF ≥2000

B1a:

  • BCF ≥5000

 		 N/A  N/A  N/A 
Column Model26  Low Risk: 

  • Not water‐polluting substances/preparations (NWG, formerly WGK 0)

 Moderate Risk: 

  • Substances/preparations of the German water pollution class WGK 1

 High Risk: 

  • Substances/preparations without warning symbols N, but with hazards indications EU R52, R3

  • Substances/preparations of the German water pollution class WGK 2

 Very High Risk: 

  • Substances/preparations with the warning symbol N and hazards indications EU R50, R51, R53, R54, R55, R56, R57, R58, R59

  • Substances/preparations of the German water pollution class WGK 3

 		 Low Risk: 

  • Not water‐polluting substances/preparations (NWG, formerly WGK 0)

 Moderate Risk: 

  • Substances/preparations of the German water pollution class WGK 1

 High Risk: 

  • Substances/preparations without warning symbols N, but with hazards indications EU R52, R3

  • Substances/preparations of the German water pollution class WGK 2

 Very High Risk: 

  • Substances/preparations with the warning symbol N and hazards indications EU R50, R51, R53, R54, R55, R56, R57, R58, R59

  • Substances/preparations of the German water pollution class WGK 3

 		 N/A  N/A  N/A  Very High Risk: 

  • Explosive substances/preparations (EU R2, R3)

  • Oxidizing substances/preparations (EU R7, R8, R9)

  • Substances/preparations with specific properties (EU R1, R4, R5, R6, R7, R14, R16, R18, R19, R30, R44)

 		 Low Risk: 

  • Inflammable or hardly flammable substances/preparations (for liquids flashpoint >100°C)

 Moderate Risk: 

  • Hardly flammable substance/preparations (flashpoint 55–100°C)

 High Risk: 

  • Flammable substances/preparations (EU R10)

 Very High Risk: 

  • Extremely flammable gases and liquids (EU R12)

  • Spontaneously flammable substances/preparations (EU R17)

  • Highly flammable substances/preparations (EU R11) Substances/preparations liberating extremely flammable gases when in contact with water (EU R15)

 
GHS Column Model27  Low Risk: 

  • Substances/mixtures of the German water pollution class WGK 1

  • Substances/mixtures chronically hazardous to the aquatic environment, Cat. 4 (H413)

 Moderate Risk: 

  • Substances/preparations of the German water pollution class WGK 2

  • Substances/mixtures chronically hazardous to the aquatic environment, Cat. 3 (H412)

 High Risk: 

  • Substances/mixtures chronically hazardous to the aquatic environment, Cat. 1 (H410) and Cat. 2 (H411)

  • Substances hazardous to the ozone layer (H420)

 Very High Risk: 

  • Substances/mixtures acutely hazardous to the aquatic environment, Cat. 1 (H400)

  • Substances/preparations of the German water pollution class WGK 3

 		 Low Risk: 

  • Substances/mixtures of the German water pollution class WGK 1

  • Substances/mixtures chronically hazardous to the aquatic environment, Cat. 4 (H413)

 Moderate Risk: 

  • Substances/preparations of the German water pollution class WGK 2

  • Substances/mixtures chronically hazardous to the aquatic environment, Cat. 3 (H412)

 High Risk: 

  • Substances/mixtures chronically hazardous to the aquatic environment, Cat. 1 (H410) and Cat. 2 (H411)

 Very High Risk: 

  • Substances/mixtures acutely hazardous to the aquatic environment, Cat. 1 (H400)

  • Substances/preparations of the German water pollution class WGK 3

 		 N/A  N/A  N/A  Low Risk: 

  • Self‐reactive substances/mixtures, Type G (no H‐phrase)

  • Organic peroxides, Type G (no H‐phrase)

 Moderate Risk: 

  • Self‐reactive substances/mixtures, Types E and F (H242)

  • Organic peroxides, Types E and F (H242)

  • Self‐heating substances/mixtures, Cat. 2 (H252)

  • Oxidizing liquids or solids, Cat. 3 (H272)

  • Gases under pressure (H280, H281)

  • Substances/mixtures corrosive to metals (H290)

 High Risk: 

  • Self‐reactive substances/mixtures, Types C and D (H242)

  • Organic peroxides Types C and D (H242)

  • Self‐heating substances/mixtures Cat. 1 (H251)

  • Oxidizing gases, Cat. 1 (H270)

  • Oxidizing liquids or solids, Cat. 2 (H272)

  • Substances/mixtures with certain properties (EUH001, EUH006, EUH014, EUH018, EUH019, EUH044)

 Very High Risk: 

  • Unstable explosive substances/mixtures (H200)

  • Explosive substances/mixtures/products, divisions 1.1 (H201), 1.2 (H202), 1.3 (H203), 1.4 (H204), 1.5 (H205) and 1.6 (without H‐phrase)

  • Self‐reactive substances/mixtures, Types A (H240) and B (H241)

  • Organic peroxides, Types A (H240) and B (H241)

  • Pyrophoric liquids or solids, Cat. 1 (H250)

  • Oxidizing liquids or solids, Cat. 1 (H271)

 		 Low Risk: 

  • Not readily flammable substances/mixtures(flashpoint >60–100 °C, no H‐phrase)

 Moderate Risk: 

  • Flammable aerosols, Cat. 2 (H223)

  • Flammable liquids, Cat. 3 (H226)

  • Flammable solids, Cat. 2 (H228) Substances/mixtures which in contact with water emit flammable gases, Cat. 3 (H261)

 High Risk: 

  • Flammable aerosols, Cat. 1 (H222)

  • Flammable liquids, Cat. 2 (H225)

  • Flammable solids, Cat. 1 (H228)

  • Substances/mixtures which in contact with water emit flammable gases, Cat. 2 (H261)

 Very High Risk: 

  • Flammable gases, Cat. 1 (H220) and Cat. 2 (H221)

  • Flammable liquids, Cat. 1 (H224)

  • Substances/mixtures which in contact with water emit flammable gases, Cat. 1 (H260)

 
Evaluation Matrix28  Green: 

  • Low aquatic toxicity

 Yellow: 

  • LC50 <0.1 mg L–1

  • Substance has EU R50, R51, R52

 		 Green: 

  • Low aquatic toxicity

 Yellow: 

  • Substance has EU R50, R51, R52

 Red: 

  • NOEC <0.01 mg L–1

 		 Green: 

  • There is evidence that the substance is not a PBT or vPvB

  • Substance is not classified as dangerous to the environment

 Yellow: 

  • Based on available information, it cannot be excluded that the substance is a PBT/vPvB

 Red: 

  • Substance fulfills the REACH PBT criteria: half‐life in seawater >40 d half‐life in freshwater >40 d half‐life in marine sediment >180 d half‐life in freshwater sediment >120 d half‐life in soil >120d

  • Substance fulfills the REACH vPvB criteria: half‐life in seawater >60d half‐life in freshwater >60d half‐life in marine sediment >180d half‐life in freshwater sediment >180d half‐life in soil >180d

 		 Green: 

  • There is evidence that the substance is not a PBT or vPvB

  • Substance is not classified as dangerous to the environment

 Yellow: 

  • Based on available information, it cannot be excluded that the substance is a PBT/vPvB

 Red: 

  • Substance fulfills the REACH PBT criteria: BCF >2000

  • Substance fulfills the REACH vPvB criteria: BCF >5000

 		 N/A  Green: 

  • Substance has no EU R‐phrase

 Red: 

  • Substance is explosive, oxidizing

 		 Green: 

  • Substance has no EU R‐phrase

 Yellow: 

  • Substance has EU R10, R11, R15

 Red: 

  • Substance is very flammable or pyrophoric

  • Substance has EU R7, R8, R9

 
Method Ecotoxicity and environmental fate endpoint criteria
Acute aquatic toxicity Chronic aquatic toxicity Persistence: half‐life (d) Bioaccumulation Eutrophication Explosivity Flammability
DfE Alternatives Assessment Criteria12  Low: 

  • LC50/EC50 >100 mg L–1

 Moderate: 

  • LC50/EC50 10–100 mg L–1

 High: 

  • LC50/EC50 1–10 mg L–1

 Very High: 

  • LC50/EC50 <1 mg L–1

 		 Low: 

  • LOEC >10 mg L–1

 Moderate: 

  • LOEC 1–10 mg L–1

 High: 

  • LOEC 0.1–1 mg L–1

 Very High: 

  • LOEC <0.1 mg L–1

 		 Very High: 

  • Passes Ready Biodegradability test with 10 day windowb

 Low: 

  • Half‐life in water, soil or sediment <16 d OR passes Ready Biodegradability test not including the 10 day windowb

 Moderate: 

  • Half‐life in water, soil or sediment 16–60 d

 High: 

  • Half‐life in water, soil or sediment 60–180 d

 Very High: 

  • Half‐life in water, soil or sediment >180 d or recalcitrant

 		 Very Low: 

  • BCF/BAF <100

 Low: 

  • BCF/BAF 100–1000

 High: 

  • BCF/BAF 1000–100 000

 Very High: 

  • BCF/BAF >100 000

 		 Low: 

  • Total phosphorus in cleaning product limited to 0.5 wt%

  • Inorganic phosphate is not present

 		 N/A  N/A 
GreenScreen version 1.24  Low: 

  • LC50/EC50/IC50>100 mg L–1

 Moderate: 

  • LC50/EC50/IC50 1–100 mg L–1 or

  • GHS Category 2 or 3

 High: 

  • LC50/EC50/IC50 <1 mg L–1 or

  • GHS Category 1

 		 Low: 

  • NOEC >10 mg L–1

 Moderate: 

  • NOEC 0.1–10 mg L–1 or

  • GHS Category 2, 3 or 4

 High: 

  • NOEC <0.1 mg L–1 or

  • GHS Category 1

 		 Low: 

  • Half‐life in soil, sediment <30 d or

  • Half‐life in water <7 d or

  • Ready biodegradability

 Moderate: 

  • Half‐life in soil, sediment 30–60 d or

  • Half‐life in water 7–40 d

 High: 

  • Half‐life in soil, sediment >60–180 d or

  • Half‐life in water >40–60 d or

  • Potential for long‐range environmental transport

 Very High: 

  • Half‐life in soil or sediment>180 d or

  • Half‐life in water >60 d

 		 Low: 

  • BCF/BAF <500 or

  • Absent such data, log Kow <4

 Moderate: 

  • BCF/BAF 500 to 1000 or

  • Absent such data, log Kow >4–4.5 or

  • Suggestive evidence of bioaccumulation in humans or wildlife

 High: 

  • BCF/BAF >1000–5000 or

  • Absent such data, log Kow >4.5–5 or

  • Weight of evidence demonstrates bioaccumulation in humans or wildlife

 Very High: 

  • BCF/BAF >5000 or

  • Absent such data, log Kow >5

 		 N/A  Low: 

  • No basis for concern identified

 Moderate: 

  • GHS Category: Divisions 1.4, 1.5

 High: 

  • GHS Category: Unstable Explosives or Division 1.1, 1.2 or 1.3

 		 Low: 

  • No basis for concern identified

 Moderate: 

  • GHS Category 2 – Flammable Gases or

  • GHS Category 2 – Flammable Aerosols or

  • GHS Category 3 or 4 – Flammable Liquids

 High: 

  • GHS Category 1 – Flammable Gases or

  • GHS Category 1 – Flammable Aerosols or

  • GHS Category1 or 2 – Flammable Liquids

 
C2C version 3.019 (Includes only Ingredient Characterization Criteria)  Green: 

  • LC50 >100 mg/L (96 hr) (fish)

  • L(E)C50 >100 mg/L (48 hr) (daphnia)

  • L(E)C50 >100 mg/L (72/96 hr) (algae)

 Yellow: 

  • LC50=10–100 mg/L (96 hr) (fish)

  • L(E)C50=10–100 mg/L (48 hr) (daphnia)

  • L(E)C50=10–100 mg/L (72/96 hr) (algae)

 Red: 

  • LC50<10 mg/L (96 hr) (fish)

  • L(E)C50<10 mg/L (48 hr) (daphnia)

  • L(E)C50<10 mg/L (72/96 hr) (algae)

 		 Green: 

  • NOEC>10 mg/L

 Yellow: 

  • NOEC=1–10 mg/L

 Red: 

  • NOEC<1 mg/L

 		 Green: 

  • Half‐life in water, soil, sediment <30/90 days;

  • Readily biodegradable (based on OECD tests)

 Yellow: 

  • Half‐life in air, soil, sediment= 30/90–60/180 days;

  • Ultimately biodegradable

 Red: 

  • Half‐life in water, soil >60/180 days;

  • Not readily biodegradable

 		 Green: 

  • BCF<100

 Yellow: 

  • BCF=100–500

 Red: 

  • BCF>500

 		 N/A  N/A  N/A 
P2OASys20 (levels of concern are characterized as numerical hazard scores; the smaller the number, the less hazardous)  2.00: 

  • LC50 >1000 mg L–1 (aquatic)

  • EC50 >100 mg L–1 (plant)

 4.00: 

  • LC50 50–1000 mg L–1 (aquatic)

  • EC50 10–100 mg L–1 (plant)

 6.00: 

  • LC50 1–50 mg L–1 (aquatic)

  • EC50 1–10 mg L–1 (plant)

 8.00: 

  • LC50 0.1–1 mg L–1 (aquatic)

  • EC50 0.1–1 mg L–1 (plant)

 10.00: 

  • LC50 <0.1 mg L–1 (aquatic)

  • EC50 <0.1 mg L–1 (plant)

 		 2.00: 

  • NOAEC >0.2 mg L–1 (fish)

 4.00: 

  • NOAEC 0.02 mg L–1 (fish)

 6.00: 

  • NOAEC 0.002 mg L–1 (fish)

 8.00: 

  • NOAEC 0.0002 mg L–1 (fish)

 10.00: 

  • NOAEC <0.00002 mg L–1 (fish)

 		 2.00: 

  • L

  • BOD/hydrolysis half‐life 4 d

 4.00: 

  • L/M

  • BOD/hydrolysis half‐life 10 d

 6.00: 

  • M

  • BOD/hydrolysis half‐life 100 d

 8.00: 

  • M/H

  • BOD/hydrolysis half‐life 500 d

 10.00: 

  • H

  • BOD/hydrolysis half‐life >500 d

 		 2.00: 

  • BCF <10

  • Log Kow <1

 4.00: 

  • BCF 100

  • Log Kow 2

 6.00: 

  • BCF 200

  • Log Kow 4

 8.00: 

  • BCF 1000

  • Log Kow 6

 10.00: 

  • BCF >1000

  • Log Kow >6

 		 N/A  2.00: 

  • 0.0

 4.00: 

  • 1.0

 6.00: 

  • 2.0

 8.00: 

  • 3.0

 10.00: 

  • 4.0

 		 2.00: 

  • 0.0

 4.00: 

  • 1.0

 6.00: 

  • 2.0

 8.00: 

  • 3.0

 10.00: 

  • 4.0

 
SCRAMa21 (levels of concern are characterized as numerical hazard scores; the smaller the number, the less hazardous)  1.0: 

  • E/LC50 >1000 mg L–1 (aquatic animals)

  • E/LC50 >1000 mg L–1 (plant)

 2.0: 

  • E/LC50 100–1000 mg L–1 (aquatic animals)

  • E/LC50 100–1000 mg L–1 (plant)

 3.0: 

  • E/LC50 10–100 mg L–1 (aquatic animals)

  • E/LC50 10–100 mg L–1 (plant)

 4.0: 

  • E/LC50 1–10 mg L–1 (aquatic animals)

  • E/LC50 1–10 mg L–1 (plant)

 5.0: 

  • E/LC50 ≤1 mg L–1 (aquatic animals)

  • E/LC50 ≤1 mg L–1 (plant)

 		 1.0: 

  • NOEC >100 mg L–1 (fish/amph.)

  • NOEC >5000 mg L–1 (invertebrate)

  • NOEC >100 mg L–1 (plant)

 2.0: 

  • NOEC 10–100 mg L–1 (fish/amph.)

  • NOEC 1000–5000 mg L–1 (invertebrate)

  • NOEC 10–100 mg L–1 (plant)

 3.0: 

  • NOEC 1–10 mg L–1 (fish/amph.)

  • NOEC 100–1000 mg L–1 (invertebrate)

  • NOEC 1–10 mg L–1 (plant)

 4.0: 

  • NOEC 0.1–1 mg L–1 (fish/amph.)

  • NOEC 10–100 mg L–1 (invertebrate)

  • NOEC 0.1–1 mg L–1 (plant)

 5.0: 

  • NOEC ≤0.1 mg L–1 (fish/amph.)

  • NOEC ≤10 mg L–1 (invertebrate)

  • NOEC ≤0.1 mg L–1 (plant)

 		 1.0: 

  • Half‐life <4 d (biota, air, water, soil, sediment)

 2.0: 

  • Half‐life 4–20 d (biota, air, water, soil, sediment)

 3.0: 

  • Half‐life 20–50 d (biota, air, water, soil, sediment)

 4.0: 

  • Half‐life 50–100 d (biota, air, water, soil, sediment)

 5.0: 

  • Half‐life >100 d (biota, air, water, soil, sediment)

 		 1.0: 

  • BCF/BAF ≤100

 2.0: 

  • BCF/BAF 100–1000

 3.0: 

  • BCF/BAF 1000–10 000

 4.0: 

  • BCF/BAF 10 000–100 00

 5.0: 

  • BCF/BAF >100 000

 		 N/A  N/A  N/A 
CARS  Proprietary 
GreenList™  Proprietary 
PRIO (chemicals are divided into two categories: phase‐out and risk‐reduction substances)24  Risk‐reduction: 

  • E/LC50 <0.1 mg L–1

 		 Phase‐out: 

  • NOEC <0.01 mg L–1

 		 Phase‐out: 

  • Half‐life in seawater >60 d

  • Half‐life in freshwater >40 d

  • Half‐life in marine sediment >180 d

  • Half‐life in freshwater sediment >120d

  • Half‐life in soil >120 d

 Risk‐reduction: 

  • Substances that are not readily or inherently biodegradable

 		 Phase‐out: 

  • BCF >2000

 Risk‐reduction: 

  • Log Kow ≥4.5

 		 N/A  N/A  N/A 
Quick Scan25 (the lower the hazard number, the higher the hazard)  T4: 

  • LC50 >10 mg L–1

 T3: 

  • LC50 ≤10 mg L–1

 T2: 

  • LC50 ≤1 mg L–1

 T1: 

  • LC50 ≤0.1 mg L–1

 		 T4: 

  • NOEC >1 mg L–1

 T3: 

  • NOEC ≤1 mg L–1

 T2: 

  • NOEC ≤0.1 mg L–1

 T1: 

  • NOEC 0.01 mg L–1

 		 P4: 

  • Readily biodegradable

 P3: 

  • Inherently biodegradable; adaptive or incomplete

 P2: 

  • Inherently biodegradable; slow

 P1: 

  • Not inherently biodegradable; no fast abiotic degradation

 		 B4:

  • BCF <100

B3:

  • BCF ≥100

B2:

  • BCF ≥500

B1b:

  • BCF ≥2000

B1a:

  • BCF ≥5000

 		 N/A  N/A  N/A 
Column Model26  Low Risk: 

  • Not water‐polluting substances/preparations (NWG, formerly WGK 0)

 Moderate Risk: 

  • Substances/preparations of the German water pollution class WGK 1

 High Risk: 

  • Substances/preparations without warning symbols N, but with hazards indications EU R52, R3

  • Substances/preparations of the German water pollution class WGK 2

 Very High Risk: 

  • Substances/preparations with the warning symbol N and hazards indications EU R50, R51, R53, R54, R55, R56, R57, R58, R59

  • Substances/preparations of the German water pollution class WGK 3

 		 Low Risk: 

  • Not water‐polluting substances/preparations (NWG, formerly WGK 0)

 Moderate Risk: 

  • Substances/preparations of the German water pollution class WGK 1

 High Risk: 

  • Substances/preparations without warning symbols N, but with hazards indications EU R52, R3

  • Substances/preparations of the German water pollution class WGK 2

 Very High Risk: 

  • Substances/preparations with the warning symbol N and hazards indications EU R50, R51, R53, R54, R55, R56, R57, R58, R59

  • Substances/preparations of the German water pollution class WGK 3

 		 N/A  N/A  N/A  Very High Risk: 

  • Explosive substances/preparations (EU R2, R3)

  • Oxidizing substances/preparations (EU R7, R8, R9)

  • Substances/preparations with specific properties (EU R1, R4, R5, R6, R7, R14, R16, R18, R19, R30, R44)

 		 Low Risk: 

  • Inflammable or hardly flammable substances/preparations (for liquids flashpoint >100°C)

 Moderate Risk: 

  • Hardly flammable substance/preparations (flashpoint 55–100°C)

 High Risk: 

  • Flammable substances/preparations (EU R10)

 Very High Risk: 

  • Extremely flammable gases and liquids (EU R12)

  • Spontaneously flammable substances/preparations (EU R17)

  • Highly flammable substances/preparations (EU R11) Substances/preparations liberating extremely flammable gases when in contact with water (EU R15)

 
GHS Column Model27  Low Risk: 

  • Substances/mixtures of the German water pollution class WGK 1

  • Substances/mixtures chronically hazardous to the aquatic environment, Cat. 4 (H413)

 Moderate Risk: 

  • Substances/preparations of the German water pollution class WGK 2

  • Substances/mixtures chronically hazardous to the aquatic environment, Cat. 3 (H412)

 High Risk: 

  • Substances/mixtures chronically hazardous to the aquatic environment, Cat. 1 (H410) and Cat. 2 (H411)

  • Substances hazardous to the ozone layer (H420)

 Very High Risk: 

  • Substances/mixtures acutely hazardous to the aquatic environment, Cat. 1 (H400)

  • Substances/preparations of the German water pollution class WGK 3

 		 Low Risk: 

  • Substances/mixtures of the German water pollution class WGK 1

  • Substances/mixtures chronically hazardous to the aquatic environment, Cat. 4 (H413)

 Moderate Risk: 

  • Substances/preparations of the German water pollution class WGK 2

  • Substances/mixtures chronically hazardous to the aquatic environment, Cat. 3 (H412)

 High Risk: 

  • Substances/mixtures chronically hazardous to the aquatic environment, Cat. 1 (H410) and Cat. 2 (H411)

 Very High Risk: 

  • Substances/mixtures acutely hazardous to the aquatic environment, Cat. 1 (H400)

  • Substances/preparations of the German water pollution class WGK 3

 		 N/A  N/A  N/A  Low Risk: 

  • Self‐reactive substances/mixtures, Type G (no H‐phrase)

  • Organic peroxides, Type G (no H‐phrase)

 Moderate Risk: 

  • Self‐reactive substances/mixtures, Types E and F (H242)

  • Organic peroxides, Types E and F (H242)

  • Self‐heating substances/mixtures, Cat. 2 (H252)

  • Oxidizing liquids or solids, Cat. 3 (H272)

  • Gases under pressure (H280, H281)

  • Substances/mixtures corrosive to metals (H290)

 High Risk: 

  • Self‐reactive substances/mixtures, Types C and D (H242)

  • Organic peroxides Types C and D (H242)

  • Self‐heating substances/mixtures Cat. 1 (H251)

  • Oxidizing gases, Cat. 1 (H270)

  • Oxidizing liquids or solids, Cat. 2 (H272)

  • Substances/mixtures with certain properties (EUH001, EUH006, EUH014, EUH018, EUH019, EUH044)

 Very High Risk: 

  • Unstable explosive substances/mixtures (H200)

  • Explosive substances/mixtures/products, divisions 1.1 (H201), 1.2 (H202), 1.3 (H203), 1.4 (H204), 1.5 (H205) and 1.6 (without H‐phrase)

  • Self‐reactive substances/mixtures, Types A (H240) and B (H241)

  • Organic peroxides, Types A (H240) and B (H241)

  • Pyrophoric liquids or solids, Cat. 1 (H250)

  • Oxidizing liquids or solids, Cat. 1 (H271)

 		 Low Risk: 

  • Not readily flammable substances/mixtures(flashpoint >60–100 °C, no H‐phrase)

 Moderate Risk: 

  • Flammable aerosols, Cat. 2 (H223)

  • Flammable liquids, Cat. 3 (H226)

  • Flammable solids, Cat. 2 (H228) Substances/mixtures which in contact with water emit flammable gases, Cat. 3 (H261)

 High Risk: 

  • Flammable aerosols, Cat. 1 (H222)

  • Flammable liquids, Cat. 2 (H225)

  • Flammable solids, Cat. 1 (H228)

  • Substances/mixtures which in contact with water emit flammable gases, Cat. 2 (H261)

 Very High Risk: 

  • Flammable gases, Cat. 1 (H220) and Cat. 2 (H221)

  • Flammable liquids, Cat. 1 (H224)

  • Substances/mixtures which in contact with water emit flammable gases, Cat. 1 (H260)

 
Evaluation Matrix28  Green: 

  • Low aquatic toxicity

 Yellow: 

  • LC50 <0.1 mg L–1

  • Substance has EU R50, R51, R52

 		 Green: 

  • Low aquatic toxicity

 Yellow: 

  • Substance has EU R50, R51, R52

 Red: 

  • NOEC <0.01 mg L–1

 		 Green: 

  • There is evidence that the substance is not a PBT or vPvB

  • Substance is not classified as dangerous to the environment

 Yellow: 

  • Based on available information, it cannot be excluded that the substance is a PBT/vPvB

 Red: 

  • Substance fulfills the REACH PBT criteria: half‐life in seawater >40 d half‐life in freshwater >40 d half‐life in marine sediment >180 d half‐life in freshwater sediment >120 d half‐life in soil >120d

  • Substance fulfills the REACH vPvB criteria: half‐life in seawater >60d half‐life in freshwater >60d half‐life in marine sediment >180d half‐life in freshwater sediment >180d half‐life in soil >180d

 		 Green: 

  • There is evidence that the substance is not a PBT or vPvB

  • Substance is not classified as dangerous to the environment

 Yellow: 

  • Based on available information, it cannot be excluded that the substance is a PBT/vPvB

 Red: 

  • Substance fulfills the REACH PBT criteria: BCF >2000

  • Substance fulfills the REACH vPvB criteria: BCF >5000

 		 N/A  Green: 

  • Substance has no EU R‐phrase

 Red: 

  • Substance is explosive, oxidizing

 		 Green: 

  • Substance has no EU R‐phrase

 Yellow: 

  • Substance has EU R10, R11, R15

 Red: 

  • Substance is very flammable or pyrophoric

  • Substance has EU R7, R8, R9

 
tab13fna

These values are multiplied by an uncertainty score before a final composite score is calculated.

tab13fnb

No degradation products of concern.

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