Summary of the gasification process with different reaction agents
| Reference . | 129 . | 130 . | 131 . | 132 . | 128 . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gasification agent | steam | steam | air | air | steam–oxygen |
| Reactor bed | fixed | fluidised | fluidised | fluidised | fluidised |
| Raw material | MSW | sawdust | wood | biomass | pine wood |
| Temperature (°C) | 900 | 780 | 860 | 780–830 | 785–830 |
| Solid phase | dolomite | sand | sand | dolomite | sand |
| Proximate analysis (wt%) | |||||
| Moisture | ‐ | 8.5 | 10.4 | 7–15 | 10–14 |
| Volatiles | 82.3 | 77.4 | 70.4 | ‐ | 74–76 |
| Fixed carbon | 11.8 | 12.9 | 17.9 | ‐ | 12–13 |
| Ash | 5.9 | 1.2 | 1.3 | ‐ | 0.5–1.2 |
| Process conditions | |||||
| Sample feeding rate (kg hr−1) | 0.3 | 3.46 | ‐ | 7.6–11.4 | 5–20 |
| ERa | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | 0.18–0.45 | 0.24–0.51 |
| Agent flow rate (kg h−1) | 0.117 | 2.98 | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ |
| Agent : sample ratio | 0.39 (kg/kg) | 0.87 (kg/kg) | 2.3 (Nm3/kg) | ‐ | 0.48–1.11 |
| Gas yield (Nm3 kg−1)b | 0.68 | 1.2 | 2.99 | 1.25–2.45 | 0.86–1.14 |
| Gas composition (vol%) | |||||
| CO | 55.6 | 22.1 | 9.3 | 9.9–22.4 | 42.5–52.0 |
| H2 | 32.6 | 49.5 | 9.3 | 5.0–16.3 | 13.8–31.7 |
| CO2 | 10.9 | 19.1 | 13.3 | 9.0–19.4 | 14.4–36.3 |
| CH4 | 0.6 | 6.5 | 4.2 | 2.2–6.2 | 6.0–7.5 |
| N2 | ‐ | ‐ | 62.8 | 41.6–61.6 | ‐ |
| LHV (MJ Nm−3) | 10.8 | 12.1 | 5.0 | 3.7–8.4 | 10.3–13.5 |
| Reference . | 129 . | 130 . | 131 . | 132 . | 128 . |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gasification agent | steam | steam | air | air | steam–oxygen |
| Reactor bed | fixed | fluidised | fluidised | fluidised | fluidised |
| Raw material | MSW | sawdust | wood | biomass | pine wood |
| Temperature (°C) | 900 | 780 | 860 | 780–830 | 785–830 |
| Solid phase | dolomite | sand | sand | dolomite | sand |
| Proximate analysis (wt%) | |||||
| Moisture | ‐ | 8.5 | 10.4 | 7–15 | 10–14 |
| Volatiles | 82.3 | 77.4 | 70.4 | ‐ | 74–76 |
| Fixed carbon | 11.8 | 12.9 | 17.9 | ‐ | 12–13 |
| Ash | 5.9 | 1.2 | 1.3 | ‐ | 0.5–1.2 |
| Process conditions | |||||
| Sample feeding rate (kg hr−1) | 0.3 | 3.46 | ‐ | 7.6–11.4 | 5–20 |
| ERa | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ | 0.18–0.45 | 0.24–0.51 |
| Agent flow rate (kg h−1) | 0.117 | 2.98 | ‐ | ‐ | ‐ |
| Agent : sample ratio | 0.39 (kg/kg) | 0.87 (kg/kg) | 2.3 (Nm3/kg) | ‐ | 0.48–1.11 |
| Gas yield (Nm3 kg−1)b | 0.68 | 1.2 | 2.99 | 1.25–2.45 | 0.86–1.14 |
| Gas composition (vol%) | |||||
| CO | 55.6 | 22.1 | 9.3 | 9.9–22.4 | 42.5–52.0 |
| H2 | 32.6 | 49.5 | 9.3 | 5.0–16.3 | 13.8–31.7 |
| CO2 | 10.9 | 19.1 | 13.3 | 9.0–19.4 | 14.4–36.3 |
| CH4 | 0.6 | 6.5 | 4.2 | 2.2–6.2 | 6.0–7.5 |
| N2 | ‐ | ‐ | 62.8 | 41.6–61.6 | ‐ |
| LHV (MJ Nm−3) | 10.8 | 12.1 | 5.0 | 3.7–8.4 | 10.3–13.5 |
Equivalence Ratio (ER): ratio of the fuel‐to‐oxidiser to the stoichiometric fuel‐to‐oxidiser ratio,
Nm3: cubic meters under normal temperature (25°C) and atmosphere pressure.