Proposed reaction pathway for electrocatalytic CO2 reduction by [Ru(tpy)(bpy)X]n+ catalysts (A) 31 and (B) (30) highlighting the differences in the order of steps. Reproduced from ref. 142 with permission from John Wiley and Sons, Copyright © 2016 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.